As transportation and logistics systems continue to
integrate, their impacts on the physical environment
(air, water, and land resources) will become
more complex. Economic globalization, agile manufacturing,
speed-to-market delivery, and supply
chain management are creating greater demand for
intermodal transportation services and multimodal
transportation infrastructure. Coping with the
environmental impacts will require the transportation
industry and its customers and stakeholders
to move from strategies based on regulatory compliance
to those emphasizing proactive environmental
management. Proactive management of
environmental issues requires corporations to
identify: (1) the interactions among transportation
activities that have negative environmental impacts,
(2) the types of environmental impacts emanating
from transportation operations and facilities, and
(3) alternative means of controlling and preventing
environmental pollution and natural resource
degradation. ã 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved