If success is defined by the elements of NPM, some success has been achieved. Privatization of traditional government functions has been dramatic in New Zealand. In addition, there has been a clear demarcation between civil service managers and policy decisions made by political executives (Eggers 1997; Maor 1999). Australian public service has become less bureaucratic in terms of layers of hierarchy, rigidity of duties and centralization of functions (Stewart and Kimber 1996, 47-9)