THE TRIANGLE OF FRAUD ACTION: THE ACT, CONCEALMENT,AND CONVERSION
The three components of the triangle of fraud action (a.k.a., the elements of fraud) are the act,
concealment, and conversion (Albrecht et al. 2012; Kranacher, Riley, and Wells 2011). The act
represents the specific type and method of execution of the fraud, such as revenue overstatement,
concealed liabilities, or deliberate disclosure omissions. Concealment represents hiding the fraud
act. Examples of concealment include creating false journal entries, falsifying bank reconciliations,
creating fictitious documentation, or destroying files. Conversion is the process of turning the
ill-gotten gains into something of value to the perpetrator and doing so in such a way as to give the
appearance of legitimacy. Examples include unearned bonuses, inflated stock price appreciation, or
money laundering