In response to the threat of TOC, European states have co-operated within the
framework of various international and supranational forums. Many of these
frameworks, for example the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),
the International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO, or Interpol) and the European
Union (EU) institutions, have already proven their worth. However, despite the many
instruments adopted in relation to TOC, a truly pan-European framework and a
common strategic approach by all member states tackling TOC is arguably still
lacking.