Figure 1. Model of the Social Exchange Process
from the residents' perspective is to improve the community's social and economic well-being; and residents' perceptions and attitudes are predictors of their behavior toward tourism.
Host residents' perceptions are used as predictors of behavior in host resident-tourism exchanges. The use of this assumption is based upon Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) and Ajzen and Fishbein (1977) who found that there is a strong relationship between belief, attitudes, and behav-
ioral intentions under certain conditions. There is debate about the consistency between attitudes and behavior, and that it may not always be the case (Oskamp 1977). Ajzen and Fishbein (1977) addressed con-
cerns raised about the consistency between attitudes and behavior and concluded that certain conditions must be met if the attitude-behavior relationship exists, such as when there is high correspondence between the target and action elements of the attitude and belief entities, and when an attitude scale has been carefully constructed. Reid and Cromp-
ton (1991) also noted that consistency between attitudes and behavior may not exist in situations where there is a low level of involvement. Moreover, people sometimes do things they do not necessarily like to do or they may exhibit dissonant or conflicting behavior. In situations such as this, possible explanations would be that correspondence be-
tween target and action elements of the attitude and belief entities would be low or non-existent, or that behavior is induced by eternal forces contrary to the true desires of the individual which, over time, is not conducive to maintaining a stable and rewarding relationship between the actors. Although the above explanations are subject to debate and involve the broader issue of conflict between consistent and non-consistent theories of the attitude-behavior relationship (Oskamp 1977), the inability to conclusively explain non-consistent behavior is considered a limitation.
Figure 1. Model of the Social Exchange Process
from the residents' perspective is to improve the community's social and economic well-being; and residents' perceptions and attitudes are predictors of their behavior toward tourism.
Host residents' perceptions are used as predictors of behavior in host resident-tourism exchanges. The use of this assumption is based upon Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) and Ajzen and Fishbein (1977) who found that there is a strong relationship between belief, attitudes, and behav-
ioral intentions under certain conditions. There is debate about the consistency between attitudes and behavior, and that it may not always be the case (Oskamp 1977). Ajzen and Fishbein (1977) addressed con-
cerns raised about the consistency between attitudes and behavior and concluded that certain conditions must be met if the attitude-behavior relationship exists, such as when there is high correspondence between the target and action elements of the attitude and belief entities, and when an attitude scale has been carefully constructed. Reid and Cromp-
ton (1991) also noted that consistency between attitudes and behavior may not exist in situations where there is a low level of involvement. Moreover, people sometimes do things they do not necessarily like to do or they may exhibit dissonant or conflicting behavior. In situations such as this, possible explanations would be that correspondence be-
tween target and action elements of the attitude and belief entities would be low or non-existent, or that behavior is induced by eternal forces contrary to the true desires of the individual which, over time, is not conducive to maintaining a stable and rewarding relationship between the actors. Although the above explanations are subject to debate and involve the broader issue of conflict between consistent and non-consistent theories of the attitude-behavior relationship (Oskamp 1977), the inability to conclusively explain non-consistent behavior is considered a limitation.
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