Lyle is not acting as an action-researcher in the usual sense. He is not exploring a problem in his own professional practice, and indeed he clearly has a strong academic interest in the topic. However, the study does discuss an intervention that was introduced to address an issue identified in the school. In this sense, we may see this project as a collaborative AR study where teachers work with academics to explore an issue of concern to the teachers. When seen in these terms we would expect concern for improving the problematic situation to take precedence over the collection of evidence to make a case for new knowledge in academic terms. If seen in AR terms, then Lyle describes an intervention that does seem to have been very valuable for the literacy development of the particular 9 – 10 year olds.