The periodontal diseases are a group of chronic inflammatory
diseases, involving the soft tissue and bone surrounding the
teeth in the jaws, or known as periodontium. Periodontal
diseases including gingivitis and periodontitis are among the
most common dental diseases after tooth decay in humans.
Periodontal diseases are characterized by inflammation of
tooth-supporting tissues caused by bacterial infection [1].
Gingivitis is a very common reversible condition, which
manifests as redness, gum swelling, and bleeding during
tooth-brushing and flossing. Gingivitis may progress into
periodontitis with further destruction of periodontal tissues
ligament and alveolar bone if left without appropriate treatment.