The detection of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a valuable medicinal fungus, and its common adulterates can be achieved using species-specific primers in a molecular biology technique called polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These primers are designed to target specific DNA sequences unique to Ophiocordyceps sinensis, allowing for its identification. This method is crucial to ensure the authenticity of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in herbal products, as it is often adulterated with other fungi or organisms. PCR with species-specific primers can help confirm the presence of genuine Ophiocordyceps sinensis and distinguish it from adulterants.