During 1970s-1980s the impact of learner-centeredness in language teaching was evident with the
development of communicative approaches which shifted the attention of the teaching-learning processes from
language form to language function, or to language use in accordance with the needs of learners (Savignon, 1997).
Contemporary English language teaching pedagogies have focused on developing learners‘ communicative
competence and on promoting learning strategies and learner autonomy in language classrooms. This change in the
approach to language teaching from traditional teacher-centered to more learner-centered (e.g. Nunan, 1988; Tudor,
1996), which as Nunan (1988: 179) noted, is ―an offspring of communicative language learning‖ requires learners to
participate and negotiate actively in meaningful interaction in order to interpret and construct meaning by
themselves (Breen & Candlin, 1980)