4. Sample, Data Collection and Measurements
The potential survey respondents are drawn from the
“FMM directory of Malaysian Manufacturers 2013”. The
directory contains information of manufacturing companies
(large and small) from various sectors, locations, name of
company, year of establishment, contact information, email
address, annual sales, number of employees, etc. The
population of this study consists of all medium and large
manufacturing companies of Malaysia with a total of 37,694
The number of respondents acceptable for this study
depends upon the statistical tool used – structural equation
modeling (SEM). SEM is a large sample technique and the
sample size required is more than 200 [36]. To meet the
objectives of this study, a survey questionnaire is developed
to measure the constructs of GSCM practices, environmental
collaboration and sustainability performance. SEM is used to
test H1 and H2 in a single, systematic, and comprehensive
analysis by exploring the relationships among multiple
independent and dependent constructs simultaneously [37].