We found that PM induced different grain yields and WUE values between dry and rainy
years. In the dry years, PM significantly improved the topsoil temperature and soil moisture,
thereby promoting a higher LAI and rapid plant growth during the early VS stage. As a result,
PM improved the accumulation of dry matter, leading to a significantly greater final biomass,
grain yield, and WUE. In contrast, in the rainy years, PM improved these characteristics only
in the early growth stage. In the middle and later growth stages, PM impacted the soil temperature
and soil water content, preventing high biomass accumulation; thus, the final biomass,
grain yield, and WUE values were similar to those for the CK treatment. In the dry years, PM
treatment represented a more effective approach to improve both the WUE and maize yield in
NEC, while PM did not improve maize production in the rainy years. Therefore, PM should
used with caution, taking into account in-season precipitation
We found that PM induced different grain yields and WUE values between dry and rainyyears. In the dry years, PM significantly improved the topsoil temperature and soil moisture,thereby promoting a higher LAI and rapid plant growth during the early VS stage. As a result,PM improved the accumulation of dry matter, leading to a significantly greater final biomass,grain yield, and WUE. In contrast, in the rainy years, PM improved these characteristics onlyin the early growth stage. In the middle and later growth stages, PM impacted the soil temperatureand soil water content, preventing high biomass accumulation; thus, the final biomass,grain yield, and WUE values were similar to those for the CK treatment. In the dry years, PMtreatment represented a more effective approach to improve both the WUE and maize yield inNEC, while PM did not improve maize production in the rainy years. Therefore, PM shouldused with caution, taking into account in-season precipitation
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