Diagnosis was based on American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. Volunteers aged 50 years and older and with hip OA or knee OA were recruited by advertisements in local clubs, libraries,general practitioner’s rooms, print and radio media, and the orthopedic
clinic at a metropolitan hospital. Participants with knee OA were included if they had knee pain on most days of the previous month and osteophytes on radiographs. Participants with hip OA were included if they had hip pain and osteophytes and joint space narrowing on radiographs. Other inclusion criteria for all participants were an average severity of pain of greater than 3 cm
on a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) and difficulty with stair climbing, walking, or getting in or out of a chair. Exclusion criteria included contraindications to aquatic physical
therapy; significant back or other joint pain; recent (preceding 6 months) joint injections, surgery, physical therapy, or hydrotherapy; lower-limb joint replacement; inability to understand English; and inability to safely enter and exit the pool.
Between October 2003 and April 2004, 312 volunteers were screened.Of these volunteers, 71 fulfilled the selection criteria and were enrolled in the study. Thirty-six participants
were randomly assigned to an aquatic physical therapy group (intervention group), and 35 participants were randomly assigned to a control group. One aquatic physical therapy participant withdrew after
Diagnosis was based on American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. Volunteers aged 50 years and older and with hip OA or knee OA were recruited by advertisements in local clubs, libraries,general practitioner’s rooms, print and radio media, and the orthopedicclinic at a metropolitan hospital. Participants with knee OA were included if they had knee pain on most days of the previous month and osteophytes on radiographs. Participants with hip OA were included if they had hip pain and osteophytes and joint space narrowing on radiographs. Other inclusion criteria for all participants were an average severity of pain of greater than 3 cmon a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) and difficulty with stair climbing, walking, or getting in or out of a chair. Exclusion criteria included contraindications to aquatic physicaltherapy; significant back or other joint pain; recent (preceding 6 months) joint injections, surgery, physical therapy, or hydrotherapy; lower-limb joint replacement; inability to understand English; and inability to safely enter and exit the pool.Between October 2003 and April 2004, 312 volunteers were screened.Of these volunteers, 71 fulfilled the selection criteria and were enrolled in the study. Thirty-six participantswere randomly assigned to an aquatic physical therapy group (intervention group), and 35 participants were randomly assigned to a control group. One aquatic physical therapy participant withdrew after
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