Economists have focused more directly on the motivational effect of structures. Their starting point is a golf tournament where the prizes total, say, $100,000. How that $100,000 is distributed effects the performance of all players in tournament. Consider 3 prizewinners, with the first-place winner getting over half the purse, versus 10 prizewinners with only slight differences in the size of the purse among the ten. According to tournament theory, all players play better in tournaments where the prize differentials are sizable. 34 Some research supports tournament theory. Raising the total prize money by $100,000 in the Professional Golf Association tournament lowered each player’s score, on average, by 1.1 strokes over 72 holes. 35 And the closer the players got to the top prize, the more their scores were lowered.”