Abstract: Each research and review manuscript should include an abstract. Abstracts for research manuscripts should
be divided into four sections, headed Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions. The Background section gives the
research problem addressed and the scientific justification for the research. The Methods section summarizes study procedures,
main outcome variables (dependent variables), and main comparisons made in data analysis. The Results section summarizes
relevant findings, both positive and negative. The Conclusions section gives interpretation of results, study strengths and
limitations, and relevant research and policy recommendations. Abstracts should contain 400 words or less. Use of
abbreviations for anything other than units of measurement is discouraged, and all such abbreviations, in both the abstract and
the body of the manuscript, must be spelled out when first used.