Transformational leaders inspire and motivate others by “providing meaning and
challenge to their followers’ work” (Avolio and Bass, 2002, p. 2). The spirit of the team
is “aroused” while “enthusiasm and optimism are displayed” (Bass, 1998, p. 5). The
transformational leader builds relationships with followers through interactive
communication, which forms a cultural bond between the two participants and leads to
a shifting of values by both parties toward common ground. The leader inspires
followers to see the attractive future state, while communicating expectations and
demonstrating a commitment to goals and a shared vision. Idealized influence and
inspirational motivation are usually combined to form charismatic-inspirational
leadership (Bass, 1998).