respec-tively. Given that the use of Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU) orNear Threatened (NT) species may accelerate the extinction of suchspecies, these results may be of great value for the conservation offish species and imposes great challenges on animal conservation.A major threat for the sustainable management of these valuableresources is Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. Cur-rent estimates suggest that globally up to 25% of fisheries catchesfall within IUU practices, identifying it as the single largest threatto achieving sustainability. Both the FAO and the European Unionhave placed increasing emphasis on the use of trade measures toprevent IUU-sourced fish and fish products from entering inter-national trade. One component of this increased regulation hasrequired the inclusion of binomial species nomenclature on catchlabels throughout the distribution chain