Near-field antennas are employed in different UHF RFID applications, such as in smart point readers, gates on
conveyor belts, smart shelves and desktop readers. In particular, in desktop reader applications, a well-known antenna
solution for NF-UHF RFID systems is represented by segmented loop antennas [12]-[13]. Differently from solid loops,
a segmented loop antenna provides a strong and uniform magnetic field close to the loop itself, despite of its size is
electrically large or comparable to the wavelength. Since segmented loops are resonating antennas, they represent a notscalable
solution. Besides, Travelling Wave Antennas (TWA) [14]-[18] represent an easily scalable solution, since their
length and shape are not strictly related to the operating frequency (non-resonating structures). These antennas basically
consist in transmission lines ending on a matched load to avoid the generation of a stationary wave above the antenna
surface. Furthermore, the matched load reduces the antenna efficiency; such a lower efficiency and the TWA lowdirectivity,
both help to radiate a low field in the far-field region (low antenna gain is required to avoid false readings).
Then, a printed TWA represents a low-cost, scalable, wideband, and low-profile solution that can be realized by
exploiting coplanar waveguide (CPW) [14]-[15], microstrip [16]-[17] or coplanar stripline [18] technologies.
The main operating characteristics relating to NF UHF-RFID antennas for desktop reader applications can be
summarized as in Table I.
Near-field antennas are employed in different UHF RFID applications, such as in smart point readers, gates onconveyor belts, smart shelves and desktop readers. In particular, in desktop reader applications, a well-known antennasolution for NF-UHF RFID systems is represented by segmented loop antennas [12]-[13]. Differently from solid loops,a segmented loop antenna provides a strong and uniform magnetic field close to the loop itself, despite of its size iselectrically large or comparable to the wavelength. Since segmented loops are resonating antennas, they represent a notscalablesolution. Besides, Travelling Wave Antennas (TWA) [14]-[18] represent an easily scalable solution, since theirlength and shape are not strictly related to the operating frequency (non-resonating structures). These antennas basicallyconsist in transmission lines ending on a matched load to avoid the generation of a stationary wave above the antennasurface. Furthermore, the matched load reduces the antenna efficiency; such a lower efficiency and the TWA lowdirectivity,both help to radiate a low field in the far-field region (low antenna gain is required to avoid false readings).Then, a printed TWA represents a low-cost, scalable, wideband, and low-profile solution that can be realized byexploiting coplanar waveguide (CPW) [14]-[15], microstrip [16]-[17] or coplanar stripline [18] technologies.The main operating characteristics relating to NF UHF-RFID antennas for desktop reader applications can besummarized as in Table I.
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