Cervical cancer screening has successfully decreased squamous cell cervical cancer
incidence and mortality. The American Cancer Society (ACS) Guideline for the
Early Detection of Cervical Cancer was last reviewed and updated in 2002; for the
first time, those recommendations incorporated options including liquid-based cytology
and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing.1 Since that time, two vaccines
against the most common cancer-causing HPV types have been developed and tested
in clinical trials.2–7 Numerous studies have been published on the efficacy of these
vaccines, as well as issues related to policy and implementation.8,9