effective width ratio (be/b) mentioned in the previous section. As shown
in Fig. 12, all HSA800 cruciformspecimens satisfied the nominal strength
levels specified by various design standards [5,9–11] with amargin higher
than SM490 specimens. The margin was as high as 36% in specimen HSX2-
240-S. Note that all of previous test results [1,12] showed satisfactory
strength compared to various design standards. This is in contrast to the
test results of the stiffened elements discussed above; many of previous
test results of the stiffened elements were unconservative.