When DRESS syndrome is in the differential diagnosis,
one should also consider other dangerous causes of severe
cutaneous drug reaction such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome
and toxic epidermal necrolysis. These typically
occur sooner after drug exposure than does DRESS syndrome,
within 1–3 weeks. The systemic symptoms and
eosinophilia are also useful distinguishing characteristics,
as is the absence of Nikolsky sign with DRESS syndrome.
Other serious causes of a diffuse rash with signs of systemic
involvement include staphylococcal scalded skin
syndrome and, in the pediatric population, Kawasaki disease.
Benign etiologies in the differential include mononucleosis
with viral exanthem and simple drug reaction.
When a patient presents to the ED with signs and
symptoms concerning for a hypersensitivity reaction,
a thorough drug history should be obtained, including
drugs started up to 6 months before presentation. A careful
examination should be performed looking for lymphadenopathy,
edema, and hepatomegaly. Initial laboratory
evaluation should include a comprehensive metabolic
panel with liver enzymes, complete blood count with
differential and peripheral smear, chest X-ray, and
urinalysis. The liver enzymes should be followed for
improvement, as the most common cause of mortality
in patients with DRESS syndrome is hepatic failure (2).
Although there are no published admission criteria,
patients with DRESS syndrome should be admitted if
When DRESS syndrome is in the differential diagnosis,one should also consider other dangerous causes of severecutaneous drug reaction such as Stevens-Johnson syndromeand toxic epidermal necrolysis. These typicallyoccur sooner after drug exposure than does DRESS syndrome,within 1–3 weeks. The systemic symptoms andeosinophilia are also useful distinguishing characteristics,as is the absence of Nikolsky sign with DRESS syndrome.Other serious causes of a diffuse rash with signs of systemicinvolvement include staphylococcal scalded skinsyndrome and, in the pediatric population, Kawasaki disease.Benign etiologies in the differential include mononucleosiswith viral exanthem and simple drug reaction.When a patient presents to the ED with signs andsymptoms concerning for a hypersensitivity reaction,a thorough drug history should be obtained, includingdrugs started up to 6 months before presentation. A carefulexamination should be performed looking for lymphadenopathy,edema, and hepatomegaly. Initial laboratoryevaluation should include a comprehensive metabolicpanel with liver enzymes, complete blood count withdifferential and peripheral smear, chest X-ray, andurinalysis. The liver enzymes should be followed forimprovement, as the most common cause of mortalityin patients with DRESS syndrome is hepatic failure (2).Although there are no published admission criteria,patients with DRESS syndrome should be admitted if
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