DNA sequences for the primer sets used for the amplification of insect mtDNAgenes are given in Table 2 and their locationsshown in Fig. 2. The primer sequences were derived from the mtDNA sequences of Drosophila yakuba .
Apis mellifera and Anopheles quadrimaculatus . Primers were synthesized by Operon Technologies (Alameda. Calif.), Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, Iowa) or Cruachem Inc. (Sterling, Va.).