2. Materials and methods
A total of 20, 10 HDF and 10 laminated flooring samples in 11cm11cm0.7cm were randomly cut from commercially manufactured panels. HDF samples were sanded with a sequence of 120- and 180-grit sand papers during the manufacturing. Mixed hardwood furnish was the raw material for the HDF base. Fig. 1 illustrates the construction of the overlaid samples. All of the samples were conditioned in a room with a temperature of 201C and relative humidity of 65% prior the measurements. Surface roughness of the samples was quantitatively evaluated at initial dry condition, and
sequentially as they were soaked in water for 2-h, 24-h, and 15 days. Direction of the sandmarks on the sanded HDF panels were identified using the China marker when they were dry and a total of 20 roughness measurements were taken from the surface of samples both along and across the sandmarks at each exposure. Overlaid HDF samples were commercially produced using continuous press lines having a speed of 240mm/s. Full-size panels were laminated using a pressure of 38kg/cm2 pressure at a temperature of 2031C for 27s. The surfaces of the laminated samples were also embossed during the overlaying process to emphasize rays, and grain orientation to imitate natural appearance of solid wood. Similar to HDF samples, 20 measurements were also taken from the surface of such laminated samples along and across grain orientation of the melamine-impregnated papers based on visual identification. Measurements were repeated at the same locations after the samples were soaked in water for 2-h, 24h and 15 days. A portable stylus profilometer, the Hommel Tester T-500 unit was used for the roughness measurements. Fig. 2 shows the profilometer on a flooring sample. The profilometer consists of main unit and pick-up which has a skid-type diamond stylus with 5mm tip radius and 901 tip angle. The stylus traverses the surface at a constant speed of 1mm/s over 15mm tracing length. The vertical displacement of the stylus is converted into an electrical signal by a linear displacement detector before the signals are amplified and transferred into digital information. Roughness parameters can be calculated from the digital information. Three parameters, Ra, Rz, and Rmax were considered to evaluate the surface characteristics of the flooring samples. The specifications and definitions of the three roughness parameters are discussed in previous studies [4,5,19]. Figs. 3A–C depict typical roughness profiles of HDF and laminated samples as dry, 2-h, and 24-h, water soaked, respectively.
ARTICLE IN PRESS
Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of overlaying of the flooring sample.
2. วัสดุและวิธีการรวม 20, 10 HDF และเคลือบ flooring ตัวอย่างที่ 10 ใน 11 ซม.ซม. 11 0.7 ซม.ถูกสุ่มตัดจากแผงผลิตในเชิงพาณิชย์ ตัวอย่าง HDF ถูกเขียน ด้วยลำดับของกระดาษทราย 120 - และ 180-grit ในระหว่างการผลิต เฟอร์ไม้ผสมเป็นวัตถุดิบสำหรับฐาน HDF Fig. 1 แสดงให้เห็นการก่อสร้างอย่าง overlaid ตัวอย่างทั้งหมดถูกปรับอากาศในห้อง 201C อุณหภูมิและความชื้นสัมพัทธ์ 65% ก่อนของวัด ความหยาบผิวของตัวอย่างที่ประเมิน quantitatively ในสภาพแห้งเริ่มต้น และsequentially as they were soaked in water for 2-h, 24-h, and 15 days. Direction of the sandmarks on the sanded HDF panels were identified using the China marker when they were dry and a total of 20 roughness measurements were taken from the surface of samples both along and across the sandmarks at each exposure. Overlaid HDF samples were commercially produced using continuous press lines having a speed of 240mm/s. Full-size panels were laminated using a pressure of 38kg/cm2 pressure at a temperature of 2031C for 27s. The surfaces of the laminated samples were also embossed during the overlaying process to emphasize rays, and grain orientation to imitate natural appearance of solid wood. Similar to HDF samples, 20 measurements were also taken from the surface of such laminated samples along and across grain orientation of the melamine-impregnated papers based on visual identification. Measurements were repeated at the same locations after the samples were soaked in water for 2-h, 24h and 15 days. A portable stylus profilometer, the Hommel Tester T-500 unit was used for the roughness measurements. Fig. 2 shows the profilometer on a flooring sample. The profilometer consists of main unit and pick-up which has a skid-type diamond stylus with 5mm tip radius and 901 tip angle. The stylus traverses the surface at a constant speed of 1mm/s over 15mm tracing length. The vertical displacement of the stylus is converted into an electrical signal by a linear displacement detector before the signals are amplified and transferred into digital information. Roughness parameters can be calculated from the digital information. Three parameters, Ra, Rz, and Rmax were considered to evaluate the surface characteristics of the flooring samples. The specifications and definitions of the three roughness parameters are discussed in previous studies [4,5,19]. Figs. 3A–C depict typical roughness profiles of HDF and laminated samples as dry, 2-h, and 24-h, water soaked, respectively.บทความในวารสารFig. 1 ภาพประกอบแผนผังวงจรของการปรากฏของตัวอย่าง flooring
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