Functional nanomaterials can be easily doped
into the spinning solutions to fabricate nanoparticle impregnated
nanofibers or formed in situ (Li and Xia, 2004). The
outstanding features and tunable properties make electrospun
nanofibers an ideal platform for constructing multifunctional
media/membrane filters by either directly using
intrinsically multifunctional materials such as TiO2 or by
introducing functional materials on the nanofibers. For
example, by incorporating ceramic nanomaterials or specific
capture agents on the nanofiber scaffold, affinity nanofiber
membranes can be designed to remove heavy metals and
organic pollutants during filtration.