Recently, several studies have focused on the role of ROS in antibiotic action and resistance.
Lipids are major targets during oxidative stress; ROS can attackpolyunsaturated fatty acids in membranes and initiate lipid peroxi-dation (LPO), leading to cell membrane damage and, thus, cell death[4]. Various biomarkers of LPO have been identified, including mal-ondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxyalkenals, and 4-hydroxynonenal.Among them, MDA is the most abundant and stabile individualproduct.