The present nutritional compositions preferably ประกอบรวมด้วย not more than 1.7 mg iron per 100 ml,
30 ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ not more than 1.4 mg iron per 100 ml, ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ not more than 0.9 mg
iron per 100 ml, even ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ not more than 0.7 mg iron per 100 ml. The present
nutritional compositions preferably ประกอบรวมด้วย not more than 0.1 mg iron per g dry weight, ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ not more than 0.065 mg iron per g dry weight, even ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ not more than
0.055 mg iron per g dry weight. The present nutritional compositions preferably ประกอบรวมด้วย not
more than 3 mg iron per 100 kcal, ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ not more than 2 mg iron per 100 kcal, even 5 ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ not more than 1.3 mg iron per 100 kcal. Too much iron can result in poor
product quality by peroxidising polyunsaturated acids and can have adverse health effects. The
found improved iron bioavailability of iron allows for slightly lower iron concentrations than
typically present in infant formulae.
10 Fermented ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม
Fermentation is the process of deriving energy from the oxidation of carbohydrates, such as the lactose present in milk, using an endogenous electron acceptor, which is usually an organic compound. This is in contrast to cellular respiration, where electrons are donated to an
exogenous electron acceptor, such as oxygen, via an electron transport chain In the present 15 การประดิษฐ์ fermentation of a ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม by lactic acid producing bacteria has the
common meaning of the conversion of carbohydrates present in the ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม to
organic acids. These organic acids formed may ประกอบรวมด้วย, besides lactic acid, also other organic
acids such as acetate. Lactic acid bacteria are also referred to as lactic acid producing bacteria
and include bacteria of the genus Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, 20 Enterococcus, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, and Bifidobacterium. Preferably the milk-derived
product is not fermented by Lactobacillus bulgaricus. L. bulgaricus fermented products are
considered not suitable for infants, since in infants the specific dehydrogenase that converts D-
lactate to pyruvate is far less active than the dehydrogenase which converts L-lactate.
25 According to the การประดิษฐ์นี้, the nutritional composition ประกอบรวมด้วย a ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม
that is fermented by lactic acid producing bacteria. The fermented ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม ประกอบรวมด้วย lactic acid and/or lactate. Preferably the fermented ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม further ประกอบรวมด้วย one or more selected from the group consisting of whey, whey protein, whey protein
hydrolysate, casein and casein hydrolysate. The term 'fermented ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม' includes 30 fermented milk. The felinented ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม is obtained by incubation of a combination
of milk, e.g. skim milk, or by incubation of a combination of a composition ซึ่งประกอบรวมด้วย lactose
12
and preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of whey, whey protein, whey protein hydrolysate, casein and casein hydrolysate, with at least one lactic acid producing bacterium, preferably Streptococcus thermophilus. Preferably the combination is incubated for
10 minutes to about 6 hours. The temperature during incubation is preferably from 20 to 50 °C. 5 After incubation the incubated product is preferably subjected to a heat treatment. By this heat
treatment preferably at least 90 % of living lactic acid bacteria are inactivated. Thus in one
embodiment according to the การประดิษฐ์นี้ the lactic acid producing bacteria in the
nutritional composition are inactivated and/or non-replicating. The heat treatment preferably is
performed at a temperature from 80 to 180 °C. Procedures to prepare fermented milk-derived 10 products suitable for the purpose of the การประดิษฐ์นี้ are known per se. EP 778885, which is
incorporated herein by reference, discloses in particular in example 7 a suitable process for preparing a fermented ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม. FR 2723960, which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses in particular in example 6 a suitable process for preparing a fermented milk-
derived product.
15
Briefly, a ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม, preferably pasteurised, containing lactose and optionally further macronutrients such as (vegetable) fats, casein, whey protein, vitamins and/or minerals etc. is concentrated, e.g. to a value 15 of 50% dry matter and then inoculated with S. thermophilus, for
example with 5% of a culture containing 106 to 1010 bacteria per ml. Temperature and duration 20 of fermentation are as mentioned above. Suitably after fermentation the fermented milk-derived
product may be pasteurised or sterilised and for example spray dried or lyophilised to provide a
form suitable to be formulated in the end product.
The bacterial strains of S. thermophilus that are preferably used to prepare the fermented milk-
25 derived product for the purpose of the present develop beta-กาแลคโตsidase activity in the course of
fermentation of the substrate. Preferably beta-กาแลคโตsidase activity develops in parallel with
acidity. Preferably a beta-กาแลคโตsidase activity develops which is sufficient to permit subsequent
enrichment of the fermented ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม in กาแลคโตโอลิโกแซคคาไรด์. Thus preferably
suitable S. thermophilus strains, when cultured on a medium containing lactose, in particular a 30 medium based on milk concentrate, achieve fermentation of the medium accompanied by high
production of กาแลคโตโอลิโกแซคคาไรด์. Selection of a suitable strain of S. thermophilus is
described in example 2 of EP 778885 and in example 1 of FR 2723960. A preferred strain of S. thermophilus is then selected that with a developing beta-กาแลคโตsidase activity also produce กาแลคโตโอลิโกแซคคาไรด์. Preferred strains of S. thermophilus to prepare the fermented milk-
derived products for the purpose of the การประดิษฐ์นี้ have been deposited by Compagnie 5 Gervais Danone at the Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes (CNCM) run by the
Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, France on 23 August 1995 under the accession
number 1-1620 and on 25 August 1994 under the accession number 1-1470. Preferably, in the
preparation of the fermented ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม additionally other strains of lactic acid
bacteria are present or, either simultaneously or consecutively, the fermented milk-derived 10 product additionally is fermented by other strains of lactic acid bacteria. Other strains of lactic
acid bacteria are preferably selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ Bifidobacterium breve, most preferably Bifidobacterium B. breve strain deposited by Compagnie Gervais Danone at the CNCM under number 1-2219 on 31
May, 1999. Preferably the ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม is fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus 15 and/or Bifidobacterium breve. Preferably the nutritional composition ประกอบรวมด้วย Streptococcus
thermophilus and/or Bifidobacterium breve. Preferably the lactic acid producing bacteria in the nutritional composition are present in inactivated and/or non-replicating form, as it prevents the further degradation of the high amounts of lactose present in the product.
20 The present composition preferably ประกอบรวมด้วย at least 5 wt.% based on dry weight of the total
product, of the fermented ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม. Preferably the composition ประกอบรวมด้วย at least 10 wt.%, ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ at least 25 wt.%, even ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ at least 40 wt.% based on dry weight of the total product, of the fermented ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม. The present composition ประกอบรวมด้วย at most 100 wt.% based on dry weight of the total product, of the fermented milk-
25 derived product. Preferably the composition ประกอบรวมด้วย at most 90 wt.%, ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ at most
70 wt.%, even ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ at most 50 wt.% based on dry weight of the total product, of the
fermented ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้มาจากนม.
The present nutritional composition ประกอบรวมด้วย lactic acid and/or lactate. Lactic acid and/or
30 lactate is formed upon fermentation by lactic acid producing bacteria. Preferably the present
nutritional composition ประกอบรวมด้วย from 0.1 to 1.5 wt.% lactic acid and/or lactate, more
14
preferably from 0.2 to 1.0 wt.%, based on dry weight of the nutritional composition. In หนึ่งรูปลักษณะ, preferably the present nutritional composition ประกอบรวมด้วย from 0.01 to 0.20 g lactic acid and/or lactate per 100 ml of nutritional composition. ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ the present nutritional
composition ประกอบรวมด้วย from 0.03 to 0.14 g lactic acid and/or lactate per 100 ml of nutritional 5 composition. It is noted that the amounts given relate to the sum of lactic acid and lactate in case
both are present. Preferably at least 50 wt. %, even ที่ควรใช้กว่าคือ at least 90 wt.%, of the sum
of lactic acid and lactate is in the form of L-isomer. Thus in หนึ่งรูปลั