Individuals were selected based on their scores on the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) (see below) administered in the screened sample. An analysis of 1124 (from the sample of 2423 individuals) participants who had completed the RRS yielded the mean brooding and reflection scores that determined high and low values. High brooding scores were those greater than 14 (1 SD above the mean) and low brooding scores were those lower than 9 (1 SD below the mean). High reflection scores were those above 13 (1 SD above the mean) and low reflection scores were those below 8 (1 SD below the mean). Participants who scored high, average, or low on brooding and/or reflection alone or high/low on both brooding and reflection, and who gave their permission to be contacted for future studies, were recruited in person or via email after their participation in the initial study. The scores in our sample resulted in four different groups: low brooding/low reflection (n¼ 20), high brooding/high reflection (n¼ 18), high brooding/average reflection (n¼ 19), and high reflection/average brooding (n¼ 21). Initially, we intended to recruit a “high brooding” group consisting of individuals high in brooding and low in reflection, in addition to a “high reflection” group consisting of individuals high in reflection and low in brooding. However, there were insufficient numbers of individuals who met those criteria, and thus, the groups were modified to include high brooding/average reflection and high reflection/average brooding, respectively.