HMF can be obtained from the dehydration product of C6 based carbohydrates, such as fructose, glucose, cellulose even lignocelluloses. The dehydration of carbohydrates (mainly fructose) has been early performed by use of mineral acid as the catalysts. However, the use of mineral acids exhibited many drawbacks such as their corrosive and nonrecyclable nature, and its wastes to environment, which is unsuitable in the chemical industry. Catalytic conversion of carbohydrates into HMF over heterogeneous catalysts can overcome the drawbacks caused by the use of homogeneous catalysts. Besides to the catalyst, the dehydration of HMF is also reported to be affected by the reaction solvent.