Figure 1: Cause-and-effect Concept in Balanced Scorecard (Adopted from Kaplan and Norton, 1996)
** Every performance measure on a BSC attempts to address an aspect of a company’s strategy.
Learning and Growth Perspective This perspective emphasized on innovation, creativity, competencies and capability. It refers to the most important intangible assets in strategy formulation and implementation. According to Cohen et al. (2008), the objectives of this perspective are to identify the human capital, information capital and the organizational climate required to support the internal processes. It also focuses on people and their attitude, knowledge, development and ability to learn and improve.