RF energy also results in dermal remodeling. As noted above,RF energy clearly reduces the elastic material,reorients the existing elastic material, and induces new collagen formation . We evaluated the thermal profile of RF and the associated effect on collagen contraction and procollagen induction by using porcine skin and FPCLs. In the study with porcine skin, the heating effect of the needle-delivered RF was confined to the dermis and not associated with any epidermal damage. Procollagen production after treatment with RF was also observed to be time dependent, with a 30-minutes application resulting in a significant difference in the FPCL study. The histologic results from the animal study also demonstrate increased quantities of collagen bundles and elastic fibers. Lastly,the derma scan results from the in vivo study also demonstrate increased brightness at sites treated with the combination regimen, indicating more prominent collagen synthesis.