The purpose of this paper is to provide the first known physicochemical
characterization of Mn deposits from two fully operational DWDS,
one using chlorine; the other, secondary chloramine disinfection. A
combination of traditional physiochemical characterization techniques
and synchrotron-based in-situ micro X-ray adsorption near edge structure
(μ-XANES) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence mapping (μ-XRF)
were used to assess potentially toxic metal ions associated with the deposits.
In this study,Mn depositionwas evaluated on lead and brass surfaces
to avoid any contamination from a corroding iron substratum