Tonic immobility significantly affected a number of blood chemistry
parameters (Tables 1 and 2). The magnitude of the blood acidosis
observed in animals maintained in TI between the 0 and 30min sampling
points was double that for those sharks that were allowed to
swim freely between blood samples ( x Δ pH TI=0.22; x Δ pH
NoTI=0.11) (Fig. 1a). This acidosis was mirrored by a significant increase
in carbon dioxide at the 30 min sampling point for animals maintained
in TI, mean values of which were over double those of animals
allowed to swimfreely between blood samples (Fig. 1b). Neither lactate
nor bicarbonate concentrations were significantly affected by tonic immobility
despite significant perturbation following capture and restraint
(Fig. 1c–d). Animals maintained in TI were significantly
hyperglycemic compared to those thatwere not (Fig. 1e). Furthermore,
glucose concentrations became significantly elevated between the
0 and 90 min sampling points for animals maintained in TI, however,
there was no significant variation across sampling points for animals
allowed to swimfreely between blood samples (Fig. 1e). Animalsmaintained
in TI presented significantly greater disruption to their electrolyte balance compared to those allowed to swim freely between blood samples.
Plasmamagnesium, sodiumand calciumwere significantly elevated,
and plasma potassium significantly depressed for animals maintained in
TI (Fig. 2 a–d). The time scales over which these perturbations were presented
varied, with magnesium becoming maximally elevated at the
30 min sampling point (Fig. 2a), in contrast to plasma sodium and calcium,
which did not reachmaximumperturbation until the 180min sampling
point (Fig. 2b and 2d). The presence or absence of TI had no
significant effect on plasma chloride or urea
Tonic immobility significantly affected a number of blood chemistry
parameters (Tables 1 and 2). The magnitude of the blood acidosis
observed in animals maintained in TI between the 0 and 30min sampling
points was double that for those sharks that were allowed to
swim freely between blood samples ( x Δ pH TI=0.22; x Δ pH
NoTI=0.11) (Fig. 1a). This acidosis was mirrored by a significant increase
in carbon dioxide at the 30 min sampling point for animals maintained
in TI, mean values of which were over double those of animals
allowed to swimfreely between blood samples (Fig. 1b). Neither lactate
nor bicarbonate concentrations were significantly affected by tonic immobility
despite significant perturbation following capture and restraint
(Fig. 1c–d). Animals maintained in TI were significantly
hyperglycemic compared to those thatwere not (Fig. 1e). Furthermore,
glucose concentrations became significantly elevated between the
0 and 90 min sampling points for animals maintained in TI, however,
there was no significant variation across sampling points for animals
allowed to swimfreely between blood samples (Fig. 1e). Animalsmaintained
in TI presented significantly greater disruption to their electrolyte balance compared to those allowed to swim freely between blood samples.
Plasmamagnesium, sodiumand calciumwere significantly elevated,
and plasma potassium significantly depressed for animals maintained in
TI (Fig. 2 a–d). The time scales over which these perturbations were presented
varied, with magnesium becoming maximally elevated at the
30 min sampling point (Fig. 2a), in contrast to plasma sodium and calcium,
which did not reachmaximumperturbation until the 180min sampling
point (Fig. 2b and 2d). The presence or absence of TI had no
significant effect on plasma chloride or urea
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