The disease was first identified in Malaysia near Batu Pahat, Johor in late 2003. Another incidence was later reported in Bidor, Perak, in October 2004. More recently, Maktar et al. [4] reported E. papayae as causing papaya dieback in Malaysia. However, they performed no significant biochemical tests to distinguish E. papayae and E. mallotivora, which are closely related species. They relied on two basic biochemical tests (oxidase and catalase) and the sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene to confirm E. papayae as a causal agent of papaya dieback in Malaysia. E. papayae was first reported by Gardan et al. [5] as the causal organism of papaya bacterial canker in the Caribbean region. However, the advanced stage of papaya dieback reported by Maktar et al. [4] had no canker symptom. Thereafter, no additional information on further occurrence of the disease has been reported until our finding, reported here, of E. mallotivora as a causal organism for this disease.