Thus, the current study attempted to
investigate the efficiency of growth enhancement
using bio-extracts produced from the same and
different kinds of plants. Chinese kale was selected
as the representative vegetable for growth
enhancement, as it is the most popular vegetable
in terms of consumption and has high nutritional value, especially calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P),
and vitamin C. The results are expected to be used
in the promotion of self-sufficiency agricultural
strategies and as a solution to pollution control
and environmental remediation in remote areas.