Hydrolysis of biomass by dilute acid is typically carried out with
at least 0.5–2 wt%
[18],
while low concentration of 5 mM (∼0.05 wt%) was needed by using the GVL/water solution,
which could avoid the recovery process of mineral acid and improve the economics of biomass-derived products.
Dramatic decrease in the concentration of glucose, xylose, and arabinose were observed with the increase of biomass loading.