3.3. Protocol validation studies with different holding times at 50 C
hot air
The effect of holding time on the mortality of adult S. oryzae is
present in Table 4. There was no significant difference of insect
mortality at each holding time among three types of rice (P > 0.05).
After RF heating to 50 C, the mortality of adult S. oryzae in rough,
brown, and milled rice samples increased with increasing holding
time. The 100% mortality of adult S. oryzae was finally achieved for
holding 6 min, which is 2 min more than that obtained by the
heating block system (Yan et al., 2014).