Grand Theory
Nursing grand theories are the global paradigms of nursing science.8 They are formal, highly abstract theoretical systems that frame our disciplinary knowledge within the principles of nursing, and their concepts and propositions transcend specific events and patient populations. The substantial body of analytic and philosophic reasoning that has emerged from grand theory provides evidence of scholarship that distinguishes nursing from other closely related disciplines and legitimizes its existence among academic disciplines.9 Thus grand theory's most significant contribution to nursing is the establishment and substantiation of the discipline's identity and boundaries.
Given their abstract nature, grand theories provide universal explanations and an understanding of nursing, but not the particulars that are necessary for empirical testing. As a result, they have little predictive capability. Some grand theories also use language that is difficult for the beginning student and unfamiliar to many potential users. Nevertheless, they have significantly influenced knowledge development within the discipline and there are numerous examples of their use in guiding nursing research, practice, and education. Grand theories also contribute to the historical perspective of nursing, reflecting the time and context in which the authors developed their theories, as well as their philosophic underpinnings and their educational and practice perspectives. In charting the growth of the discipline, Nightingale10 can be considered the first grand theorist and Notes on Nursing, the original paradigm of contemporary nursing.
There is debate about what constitutes a grand theory and thus, which nursing scholars' work should be classified as grand theory. For example, is Jean Watson's11Philosophy and Science of Caring more accurately categorized as a “philosophy” or “grand theory” of nursing? Further, should Madeleine Leininger's 12 conceptual model, Culture Care: Diversity and Universality Theory, be classified as a grand or middle-range theory? Our view is that this type of debate reflects the growth of nursing's disciplinary knowledge. Although we may never have a consensus of answers for such questions, it also indicates that we have sufficiently established our external boundaries, and we can now redirect our energy to further distinguish the internal substance and structure of our knowledge through the construction of middle-range theories.
Grand TheoryNursing grand theories are the global paradigms of nursing science.8 They are formal, highly abstract theoretical systems that frame our disciplinary knowledge within the principles of nursing, and their concepts and propositions transcend specific events and patient populations. The substantial body of analytic and philosophic reasoning that has emerged from grand theory provides evidence of scholarship that distinguishes nursing from other closely related disciplines and legitimizes its existence among academic disciplines.9 Thus grand theory's most significant contribution to nursing is the establishment and substantiation of the discipline's identity and boundaries.กำหนดลักษณะของนามธรรม ทฤษฎีแกรนด์ให้สากลคำอธิบายและความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับพยาบาล แต่ไม่อย่างที่จำเป็นสำหรับการทดสอบผล ส่งผล มีความสามารถในการคาดการณ์เล็กน้อย ทฤษฎีบางโรงยังใช้ภาษาที่ยากสำหรับนักเรียนเริ่มต้น และไม่คุ้นเคยกับผู้ใช้เป็นจำนวนมาก อย่างไรก็ตาม พวกเขาอย่างมีนัยสำคัญมีผลพัฒนาความรู้ในสาขาวิชาการ และมีตัวอย่างจำนวนมากของการใช้แนวทางวิจัยพยาบาล ปฏิบัติ และการศึกษา ทฤษฎีแกรนด์ยังนำไปสู่มุมมองประวัติศาสตร์ของการพยาบาล การสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงเวลาและเนื้อหาที่ผู้เขียนพัฒนา ทฤษฎีของพวกเขา เป็น underpinnings philosophic ของพวกเขา และการศึกษา และฝึกมุมมอง ในการสร้างแผนภูมิการเติบโตของการลงวินัย Nightingale10 ถือได้ว่า theorist แรกแกรนด์และบันทึกเกี่ยวกับพยาบาล กระบวนทัศน์เดิมคณะพยาบาลศาสตร์ร่วมสมัยThere is debate about what constitutes a grand theory and thus, which nursing scholars' work should be classified as grand theory. For example, is Jean Watson's11Philosophy and Science of Caring more accurately categorized as a “philosophy” or “grand theory” of nursing? Further, should Madeleine Leininger's 12 conceptual model, Culture Care: Diversity and Universality Theory, be classified as a grand or middle-range theory? Our view is that this type of debate reflects the growth of nursing's disciplinary knowledge. Although we may never have a consensus of answers for such questions, it also indicates that we have sufficiently established our external boundaries, and we can now redirect our energy to further distinguish the internal substance and structure of our knowledge through the construction of middle-range theories.
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