Adhesive pads of insect pollinators may be routinely
contaminated by pollen grains, making it difficult for
flower visitors to cling to smooth flower petals. The
epidermal macrostructure of the petal surface may help
negate this difficulty by the presence of conical cells
(Figure 2a). These cells, found on the majority of insect pollinated
flowers, are large enough to allow interlocking
of the insects’ claws (Figure 2d) [15].