2.3. Instrumentation
The main research instrument used for the data collection was a
structured questionnaire. The questionnaire had 39 structured
questions designed to measure and assess occupational health and
safety management and turnover intention
2.4. Occupational health and safety management
Lapidus and Waite’s [X] 28-item occupational health and safety
management scale was used to measure the dimensions of occupational
health and safety management perceptions. The scale had
four dimensions that are empirically distinct from each other and
measures safety leadership, facilities or equipment, supervision,
and procedure with the safety management program. Responses
are on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5
(strongly agree). Higher scores indicate higher perception of the
level of occupational health and safety management at the workplace,
while lower scores indicate a perception of less safe work
2.5. Turnover intention
A 6-item turnover intentions scale was used to measure respondents’
plans to leave or remain in their organization [11].
Respondents rated six statements on a 5-point Likert scale
ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Higher
scores indicated a potentially high intention to turnover, while
lower scores suggested a low likelihood of intended employee
turnover.
2.6. Instrument reliability
After the adopting of both the occupational health and safety
management scale by Lapidus and Wait [X] and the turnover
intention scale by Farrell and Rusbult [11], a pilot study was first
conducted to check the reliability of the scales. The sample for the
pilot study consisted of 30 employees of the Ghana Chamber of
Mines. The Cronbach alpha for the reliabilities for the dimensions of
occupational health and safety management were: (1) safety
leadership 0.729; (2) supervision 0.586; (3) facility 0.786; and (4)
procedure 0.833. The overall Cronbach alpha reliability of the
occupational health and safety management scale in this study was
0.96, consistent with that found in previous research [Lapidus and
Waite, 2001].
The turnover intention scale recorded a Cronbach alpha of
0.689. These Cronbach alphas are acceptable as recommended by
Lance et al [X]. Participants for this study were recruited with
permission from the management of assessed sampled organizations.
Selected participants had to voluntarily consent to participate in
the study after which standardized questionnaires was administered
to them. All ethical consideration regarding the American
Psychological Association’s code of ethics was fully adhered to at
every stage of this study.