1. Introduction
1.1. Historical development of the Chilean seafood industry
Since 1978, Chile has become home of one of the first major
fishing industries worldwide due to the abundance of marine
resources e especially pelagic fish such as mackerel e and the
investments made by the private sector and promoted by the
government. In the 1980’s and early 1990’s, fishmeal was the
flagship product, not only by volume but by quality. The upper
range of its protein content (67%) opened the doors of fish flour’s
most demanding markets of the day: the Federal Republic of Germany,
Japan and South Africa. After the consolidation experienced
in the early 80s, the fishing industry in the south central area
experienced a period marked by sustained growth. However, from
the second half of the 1990’s, the industry was affected by a crisis
caused by the reduced availability of mackerel and a lack of tools to
control the species over the long term with adequate regulation of
the fishing processes. The regulatory framework established with
the enactment of the Fisheries Act of 1991 and based on the control
effort was insufficient and needed to be adapted to the new reality.
In 1997 it became clear that there was an imbalance between
fishing capacity and available resources in Chile, since in those
years there was an oversized fleet; the industry faced closures and
“El Niño” phenomenon for the first time. At that time, it was
imperative to introduce a new way of managing resources; jobs
were cut and catches dropped by half. Against this, the industry
adopted a method of adding value to products, and the export of
frozen goods became one of the best options. Nation-wide there are
currently ca. 480 frozen fish processing plants, from which 13
plants manufacture frozen products in the Biobío region with
Quality Assurance Programs for exporting these goods.
1. Introduction1.1. Historical development of the Chilean seafood industrySince 1978, Chile has become home of one of the first majorfishing industries worldwide due to the abundance of marineresources e especially pelagic fish such as mackerel e and theinvestments made by the private sector and promoted by thegovernment. In the 1980’s and early 1990’s, fishmeal was theflagship product, not only by volume but by quality. The upperrange of its protein content (67%) opened the doors of fish flour’smost demanding markets of the day: the Federal Republic of Germany,Japan and South Africa. After the consolidation experiencedin the early 80s, the fishing industry in the south central areaexperienced a period marked by sustained growth. However, fromthe second half of the 1990’s, the industry was affected by a crisiscaused by the reduced availability of mackerel and a lack of tools tocontrol the species over the long term with adequate regulation ofthe fishing processes. The regulatory framework established withthe enactment of the Fisheries Act of 1991 and based on the controleffort was insufficient and needed to be adapted to the new reality.In 1997 it became clear that there was an imbalance betweenfishing capacity and available resources in Chile, since in thoseyears there was an oversized fleet; the industry faced closures and“El Niño” phenomenon for the first time. At that time, it wasimperative to introduce a new way of managing resources; jobswere cut and catches dropped by half. Against this, the industryadopted a method of adding value to products, and the export offrozen goods became one of the best options. Nation-wide there arecurrently ca. 480 frozen fish processing plants, from which 13plants manufacture frozen products in the Biobío region withQuality Assurance Programs for exporting these goods.
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