the highest values of stem length, stem diameter, fresh and dry weights of stem, head diameter, leaf number, bud number, and total yield (12.25 cm, 5.6 cm, 45.33 gr, 5.24 gr, 12.63 cm, 31.7, 7.39, 60.836 ton.ha-1, respectively) were obtained from mulching treatment (Table 3).