To achieve high throughput rates today's computers
perform several operations simultaneously. Not only
are I/O operations performed concurrently with computing,
but also, in multiprocessors, several computing
operations are done concurrently. A ma jor problem in
the design of such a computing system is the connecting
together of the various parts of the system (the
I/O devices, memories, processing units, etc.) in such
a way that all the required data transfers can be accommodated.
One common scheme is a high-speed
bus which is time-shared by the various parts; speed of
available hardware limits this scheme. Another scheme
is a cross-bar switch or matrix; limiting factors here are
the amount of hardware (an m X n matrix requires m
X n cross-points) and the fan-in and fan-out of the
hardware
To achieve high throughput rates today's computersperform several operations simultaneously. Not onlyare I/O operations performed concurrently with computing,but also, in multiprocessors, several computingoperations are done concurrently. A ma jor problem inthe design of such a computing system is the connectingtogether of the various parts of the system (theI/O devices, memories, processing units, etc.) in sucha way that all the required data transfers can be accommodated.One common scheme is a high-speedbus which is time-shared by the various parts; speed ofavailable hardware limits this scheme. Another schemeis a cross-bar switch or matrix; limiting factors here arethe amount of hardware (an m X n matrix requires mX n cross-points) and the fan-in and fan-out of thehardware
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