Many countries exhibit a similar pattern to that of South Asia, in which improvements in child survival (due for example to increased access to safe water, sanitation, and healthcare), subsequently lead to lower fertility, as families begin to see that fewer children are needed to achieve target family size. (In addition, numerous other factors influence family size. For example, women’s increased educational attainment has a powerful effect, as do women’s increased opportunities in the labor market. Increased urbanization – which takes place as people move from rural to urban areas, as rural areas grow to become urban, and as urban areas expand to encompass formerly rural areas – brings greater economic opportunities for both men and women, and the consequent increased economic value of people’s time leads to lower fertility.)