Notwithstanding the continuing heterogeneity of economic geography, si การแปล - Notwithstanding the continuing heterogeneity of economic geography, si เวียดนาม วิธีการพูด

Notwithstanding the continuing hete


Notwithstanding the continuing heterogeneity of economic geography, since the mid-1980s there has been a general movement towards various forms of intensive, case-study methodologies, coupled with a 'more qualitative and speculative mode of analysis in the hope of representing the spatial scope and diversity of economic life' (Clark 1998: 74; cf. Hodgson 1988; Dow 1997; Martin 1999). And if there has been a shift in the substantive focus of economic geography over this same period, it has been towards a widespread acceptance that 'institutions matter' in the operation of the economy. Paralleling the rise of 'socioeconomics' more generally, the practice of economic geography has been enriched through engagements with institutionalist and evolutionary economics, economic sociology, international political economy, and the regulation approach. Needless to say, there is no consensus across these fields about how institutions matter, and neither is there a single (or even dominant) position on this within economic geography. Nevertheless, there is certainly a widespread concern with processes of social and economic governance, and with the complex roles of 'institutional forms' in mediating, guiding, and sustaining economic development. Jessop (forthcoming: 2) portrays this as an 'integral' conception of the capitalist economy, viewed as an 'operationally autonomous system that is nonetheless socially embedded and somehow needful of complex forms of social regulation'. Certainly, there is an explicit rejection here of the orthodox view of institutions as sources of 'external interference' in an otherwise equilibrating market system. Within the specific domain of economic geography, there has been a shared concern to problematize the roles of regulation, governance, and institutions in the processes of economic development and restructuring, though there remain non-trivial differences around how this should be conceptualized theoretically or operationalized methodologically (see Storper and Scott 1992; Amin and Thrift 1994; Lee and Wills 1997; Sheppard and Barnes forthcoming).2

This chapter focuses on some of the ways that economic geographers have been 'doing' regulation, governance, and institutions over the past decade. Necessarily selective, it concentrates on two significant episodes in the recent history of the subdiscipline which in different ways have foregrounded and problematized institutional roles and (dare one say it) functions: first, the debate over economic 'flexibility', which was the dominant one in the early part

(footnote continued from previous page)
526208ba9a3e98ef67d50360e2186801.gif 526208ba9a3e98ef67d50360e2186801.gif
contemporary economic geography. Those seeking article-size treatments of these and related issues with specific reference to economic geography should see Sayer (1982), Martin (1994), Pratt (1995), and Clark (1998). More concretely, Schoenberger (1994), Cochrane (1998), and McDowell (1998) have discussed questions of practice and interpretation in intensive, interview-based research in a range of situations.
526208ba9a3e98ef67d50360e2186801.gif 526208ba9a3e98ef67d50360e2186801.gif
2 On the study of institutions and regulation in economic geography, see Moulaert (1996), Moulaert and Swyngedouw (1992), and Peck (1996). For provocative discussions of the reach and range of economic geography, which say a lot about shifting substantive concerns and favoured methods in the subdiscipline, see Sayer (1985) and Thrift and Olds (1996).

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Tuy nhiên heterogeneity tiếp tục của địa lý kinh tế, kể từ giữa thập niên 1980 đã có một phong trào chung đối với các hình thức khác nhau của phương pháp chuyên sâu, nghiên cứu trường hợp, kết hợp với một 'hơn về chất lượng và suy đoán chế độ của các phân tích trong hy vọng của đại diện cho các phạm vi không gian và sự đa dạng của đời sống kinh tế' (Clark 1998:74; x. Hodgson 1988; Dow 1997; Martin năm 1999). Và nếu có là một sự thay đổi trong trọng tâm nội dung của địa lý kinh tế so cùng kỳ này, nó đã hướng tới một sự chấp nhận rộng rãi 'các tổ chức quan trọng' trong hoạt động của nền kinh tế. Song song sự nổi lên của 'socioeconomics' nói chung, các thực hành của địa lý kinh tế đã được phong phú thông qua cuộc đụng độ với institutionalist và tiến hóa kinh tế, kinh tế xã hội học, kinh tế chính trị quốc tế và các phương pháp quy định. Không cần phải nói, có là không có sự đồng thuận trên các lĩnh vực về làm thế nào các tổ chức quan trọng, và nó không phải là có một vị trí duy nhất (hoặc thậm chí chi phối) về điều này trong địa lý kinh tế. Tuy nhiên, chắc chắn là một chủ đề phổ biến rộng rãi với quy trình quản trị xã hội và kinh tế, và với các vai trò phức tạp của các hình thức thể chế' trong việc làm trung gian, hướng dẫn, và duy trì phát triển kinh tế. Jessop (sắp tới: 2) miêu tả điều này như là một quan niệm 'không thể thiếu' của nền kinh tế tư bản, được xem như là một ' hoạt động trong hệ thống tự trị đó là Tuy nhiên xã hội nhúng và bằng cách nào đó needful của các hình thức phức tạp của các quy định xã hội'. Chắc chắn, có là một rõ ràng từ chối ở đây quan điểm chính thống của các tổ chức như là nguồn của 'sự can thiệp bên ngoài' trong một khác equilibrating thị trường hệ thống. Trong miền cụ thể của địa lý kinh tế, đã có một mối quan tâm chung để problematize những vai trò của quy định, quản trị, và các tổ chức trong quá trình phát triển kinh tế và cơ cấu lại, mặc dù vẫn có các khác biệt không nhỏ xung quanh làm thế nào điều này nên được hình thành lý thuyết hoặc operationalized methodologically (xem Storper và Scott 1992; Amin và tiết kiệm 1994; Lee và bản di chúc năm 1997; Sheppard và Barnes sắp tới).2 Chương này tập trung vào một số trong những cách mà nhà địa lý kinh tế đã 'làm' quy định, quản trị, và các tổ chức trong thập kỷ qua. Nhất thiết phải chọn lọc, nó tập trung vào hai tập phim đáng kể trong lịch sử gần đây của subdiscipline mà trong nhiều cách khác nhau có vai trò tổ chức foregrounded và problematized và (dám một nói nó) chức năng: trước tiên, cuộc tranh luận về kinh tế 'linh hoạt', mà là người thống trị trong giai đoạn đầu (chú thích tiếp tục từ trang trước) 526208ba9a3e98ef67d50360e2186801.gif 526208ba9a3e98ef67d50360e2186801.gif địa lý kinh tế hiện đại. Những người tìm kiếm bài viết-kích thước phương pháp điều trị này và các vấn đề liên quan với dẫn chiếu cụ thể tới địa lý kinh tế sẽ thấy Sayer (1982), Martin (1994), Pratt (1995), và Clark (1998). Cụ thể hơn, Schoenberger (1994), Cochrane (1998), và McDowell (1998) đã thảo luận về câu hỏi của thực hành và giải thích trong nghiên cứu chuyên sâu, dựa trên cuộc phỏng vấn trong một loạt các tình huống. 526208ba9a3e98ef67d50360e2186801.gif 526208ba9a3e98ef67d50360e2186801.gif 2 vào các nghiên cứu của các tổ chức và quy định tại địa lý kinh tế, xem Moulaert (1996), Moulaert và Swyngedouw (1992), và Peck (1996). Cho cuộc thảo luận khiêu khích của phạm vi và phạm vi địa lý kinh tế, mà nói rất nhiều về thay đổi đáng kể mối quan tâm và các phương pháp ưa thích trong subdiscipline, xem Sayer (1985) và tiết kiệm và Olds (1996).
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Notwithstanding the continuing heterogeneity of economic geography, since the mid-1980s there has been a general movement towards various forms of intensive, case-study methodologies, coupled with a 'more qualitative and speculative mode of analysis in the hope of representing the spatial scope and diversity of economic life' (Clark 1998: 74; cf. Hodgson 1988; Dow 1997; Martin 1999). And if there has been a shift in the substantive focus of economic geography over this same period, it has been towards a widespread acceptance that 'institutions matter' in the operation of the economy. Paralleling the rise of 'socioeconomics' more generally, the practice of economic geography has been enriched through engagements with institutionalist and evolutionary economics, economic sociology, international political economy, and the regulation approach. Needless to say, there is no consensus across these fields about how institutions matter, and neither is there a single (or even dominant) position on this within economic geography. Nevertheless, there is certainly a widespread concern with processes of social and economic governance, and with the complex roles of 'institutional forms' in mediating, guiding, and sustaining economic development. Jessop (forthcoming: 2) portrays this as an 'integral' conception of the capitalist economy, viewed as an 'operationally autonomous system that is nonetheless socially embedded and somehow needful of complex forms of social regulation'. Certainly, there is an explicit rejection here of the orthodox view of institutions as sources of 'external interference' in an otherwise equilibrating market system. Within the specific domain of economic geography, there has been a shared concern to problematize the roles of regulation, governance, and institutions in the processes of economic development and restructuring, though there remain non-trivial differences around how this should be conceptualized theoretically or operationalized methodologically (see Storper and Scott 1992; Amin and Thrift 1994; Lee and Wills 1997; Sheppard and Barnes forthcoming).2

This chapter focuses on some of the ways that economic geographers have been 'doing' regulation, governance, and institutions over the past decade. Necessarily selective, it concentrates on two significant episodes in the recent history of the subdiscipline which in different ways have foregrounded and problematized institutional roles and (dare one say it) functions: first, the debate over economic 'flexibility', which was the dominant one in the early part

(footnote continued from previous page)
526208ba9a3e98ef67d50360e2186801.gif 526208ba9a3e98ef67d50360e2186801.gif
contemporary economic geography. Those seeking article-size treatments of these and related issues with specific reference to economic geography should see Sayer (1982), Martin (1994), Pratt (1995), and Clark (1998). More concretely, Schoenberger (1994), Cochrane (1998), and McDowell (1998) have discussed questions of practice and interpretation in intensive, interview-based research in a range of situations.
526208ba9a3e98ef67d50360e2186801.gif 526208ba9a3e98ef67d50360e2186801.gif
2 On the study of institutions and regulation in economic geography, see Moulaert (1996), Moulaert and Swyngedouw (1992), and Peck (1996). For provocative discussions of the reach and range of economic geography, which say a lot about shifting substantive concerns and favoured methods in the subdiscipline, see Sayer (1985) and Thrift and Olds (1996).

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