2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects
The highest NOAEL values and all reliable LOAEL values for each systemic
effect in each species and duration are presented in Table 2-l and plotted in
Figure 2-1.
Respiratory Effects. Occupational exposure to antimony trioxide and/or
pentoxide dust (8.87 mg antimony/m3
or greater) resulted in antimony
pneumoconiosis (inflammation of the lungs due to the irritation caused by the
inhalation of dust) (Cooper et al. 1968; Potkonjak and Pavlovich 1983; Renes
1953). Alterations in pulmonary function (airway obstruction, bronchospasm,
and hyperinflation) have been reported in workers exposed to airborne antimony
(Cooper et al. 1968; Potkonjak and Pavlovich 1983). Other respiratory effects
reported in workers include chronic bronchitis, chronic emphysema, inactive
tuberculosis, pleural adhesions, and irritation (Potkonjak and Pavlovich
1983). The respiratory irritation reported in the workers diagnosed as having
pneumoconiosis was characterized by chronic coughing, wheezing, and upper
airway inflammation. Respiratory irritation was not noted in workers exposed
to antimony trisulfide for 8 months to 2 years (Brieger et al. 1954). In the
reports of health effects associated with occupational exposure to antimony,
the workers inhaled a variety of compounds including antimony pentoxide,
arsenic oxide, iron oxide, hydrogen sulfide, and sodium hydroxide (Cooper
et al. 1968; Potkonjak and Pavlovich 1983; Renes 1953).