To summarize, while governments have undoubtedly extended their repertoire of instruments, they have done so in a largely piecemeal fashion. Curiously, many of the EPI instruments that were supposed to deliver more integration have themselves been poorly coordinated with one another. As with the weak normative embeddedness of EPI, researchers are, in other words, revealing that the normative principle of EPI has failed (in more positive philosophical terms) to permeate all the stages of the policy-making process, but especially the earliest ones