The promise of liberal citizenship – its vision of social and political membership based on the paramount value of individual freedom and the need to limit state power –continues to inspire many throughout the world. At the same time, the materialism, inequality, and normative neutrality that are often associated with liberalism are often repellent, even to some of the same people who admire its achievements. The rise of religious fundamentalism coupled with arbi- trary and autocratic state power poses a parti- cularly acute threat to liberal citizenship In the end, the allure of liberal citizenship. will be assessed – at least by those polities whose politics and economies leave them free enough to consider it – according to how effectively and fairly their states govern, their markets create and distribute wealth, and their societies define and value freedom.