1.1.2 Switched Networks
1.1.2.1 Role of Switched Networks
The role of switched networks has evolved dramatically in the last two decades. It was not
long ago that flat Layer 2 switched networks were the norm. Flat Layer 2 data networks
relied on the basic properties of Ethernet and the widespread use of hub repeaters to propagate LAN traffic throughout an organization. As shown in Figure 1, networks have fundamentally changed to switched LANs in a hierarchical network. A switched LAN allows more flexibility, traffic management, and additional features, such as:
■ Quality of service
■ Additional security
■ Support for wireless networking and connectivity
■ Support for new technologies, such as IP telephony and mobility services
Figure 2 shows the hierarchical design used in the borderless switched network.
1.1.2.2 Form Factors
There are various types of switches used in business networks. It is important to deploy
the appropriate types of switches based on network requirements. Figure 1 highlights
some common business considerations when selecting switch equipment.
When selecting the type of switch, the network designer must choose between a fixed
or a modular configuration, and stackable or non-stackable. Another consideration is the
thickness of the switch, which is expressed in number of rack units. This is important for
switches that are mounted in a rack. For example, the fixed configuration switches shown
in Figure 2 are all 1 rack unit (1U). These options are sometimes referred to as switch form
factors.
Fixed Configuration Switches
Fixed configuration switches do not support features or options beyond those that originally came with the switch (Figure 2). The particular model determines the features and
options available. For example, a 24-port gigabit fixed switch cannot support additional
ports. There are typically different configuration choices that vary in how many and what
types of ports are included with a fixed configuration switch.
Modular Configuration Switches
Modular configuration switches offer more flexibility in their configuration. Modular
configuration switches typically come with different sized chassis that allow for the installation of different numbers of modular line cards (Figure 3). The line cards actually contain
the ports. The line card fits into the switch chassis the way that expansion cards fit into a
PC. The larger the chassis, the more modules it can support. There can be many different
chassis sizes to choose from. A modular switch with a 24-port line card supports an additional 24 port line card, to bring the total number of ports up to 48.