Figure 9 illustrates the energy balances in the EAF and the scrap pre-heater, for a pre-heater efficiency of 70%. For a specific value of electrical energy consumption and pre-heater efficiency, the model computes the scrap entry temperature and matches the energy balances. Graphs from this kind of analysis with pre-heater efficiencies of 50%, 70% and 100% are presented in Figures 10–12. It is interesting to note that, depending on the pre-heater efficiency, the scrap entry temperatures fall in the range of 200–600°C — values that had been mentioned by Vallomy years ago. Furthermore, scrap pre-heat temperatures in the range of 400–600°C relating to efficiencies in the range of 70–80% and in agreement with present findings have already been published.