Although these variables have been studied separately, the interactions among these variables in their association with alcohol use and related problems have not yet been fully explored.Regarding the influence of gender on decisional balance, previous research among students sanctioned for violating the university’s alcohol policy revealed that males reported more pros to continue drinking and that they were less ready to change their drinking habits relative to females (Carey and DeMartini, 2010). Further,males thought their friends were more approving of the alcoholsanction than females. Thus, males may have experienced social pressure to maintain their drinking because their friends were more understanding of them being sanctioned for alcohol use. How-ever, it is unclear if this effect would remain if students’ friends were unaware that they were participating in an alcohol reduction program as student’s friends may be more aware of the amount of drinks the student is consuming and may be more likely to encourage increased drinking. O’Hea et al. (2003) examined gender differences in decisional balance without social pressure to engage in a given behavior and revealed that males reported greater positivity than females in both smoking cessation and engagement in exercise, while no gender differences were revealed with dietary fat reduction.