To overcome this limitation, Voter [1] provided a method for
accelerating the molecular dynamics, i.e., hyper-MD, which made
it possible to simulate atomic dynamics on the scale of a microsecond
or longer. Choudhary and Clancy [2] applied this method to the
production of amorphous silicon, and obtained significant time of
boosts in the range of 4–12 for a small system without changing
the dynamics of the evolution. However, although numerical minimization
methods were proposed to efficiently obtain a numerical
approximation for a bias potential without the diagonalization
of the Hessian matrix [3,4], the computational time for each
hyper-MD step is still much longer than that of a conventional
MD step, and the cost for calculating the bias potential scales as
the square of the number of moving atoms is high, which prohibits
its application to large systems.